Editando Ubuntu (seção)

= Ubuntu Server =

Boas Práticas Pós-Instalação

=== Segurança inicial ===

==== Atualizar o sistema ====
 sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
 sudo apt autoremove -y

==== Desabilitar login root via SSH ====

Edite o arquivo '''/etc/ssh/sshd_config''': 
 PermitRootLogin no
 PasswordAuthentication no

Depois reinicie o ssh
 sudo systemctl restart ssh

==== Criar um usuário administrativo ====

com privilégios sudo 
 sudo adduser $USER
 sudo usermod -aG sudo $USER

==== Autenticação via chave SSH ====

Dispensa o uso de senha: 
 ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "seu_email"
 ssh-copy-id $USER@servidor

=== Hardening do sistema ===

==== Instalar Fail2Ban ====

Para proteção contra brute force: 
 sudo apt install fail2ban -y

==== Configurar automatic updates de segurança ==== 
 sudo apt install unattended-upgrades -y
 sudo dpkg-reconfigure unattended-upgrades

=== Configuração do sistema ===

==== Definir hostname ==== 
 sudo hostnamectl set-hostname nome-do-servidor

==== Configurar timezone ====
 sudo timedatectl set-timezone America/Sao_Paulo

==== Sincronizar horário com NTP ====
 sudo timedatectl set-ntp true

==== Instalar pacotes essenciais ==== 
 sudo apt install vim 
 sudo apt install htop 
 sudo apt install curl
 sudo apt install wget
 sudo apt install git
 sudo apt install net-tools
 sudo apt install gnupg
 sudo apt install lsb-release

=== Monitoramento e logs ===

==== Instalar ferramentas de monitoramento ====
 sudo apt install sysstat 
 sudo apt install iotop 
 sudo apt install iftop
 sudo apt install bmon

==== Configurar logrotate ====

Já vem instalado por padrão, mas revise regras em '''/etc/logrotate.conf'''.

=== Backup e recuperação ===

==== Revisar usuários e grupos ====
 getent passwd
 getent group

==== Usar needrestart ====
 sudo apt install needrestart -y

== Como mudar a resolução via Terminal ==

 sudo apt-get install pluma

Edite o grub com o comando:
 sudo pluma /etc/default/grub

Localize a linha <code>#GRUB_GFXMODE=640X480</code> e descomente a linha (apagando o "#") e substitua <code>640x480</code> pela resolução desejada e que a sua placa suporte, no meu caso usei <code>1024x768</code>

A linha vai ficar assim: 

 GRUB GFXMODE=1024x480.

Após alterar o grub tem que atualiza-lo com o comando:
 sudo update-grub

Reinicie o computador.

== Interfaces Gráficas ==

=== Xfce ===

O XFCE é uma interface gráfica para as distribuições Linux
==== Instalação  ====

Para instalar essa interface no Ubuntu, você pode utilizar dois formatos:

'''Xfce puro'''

 sudo apt install xfce4

'''Xubuntu'''

Ou a interface Xfce voltada pra o Ubuntu:

 sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop
ou
 sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop-minimal

==== Teclas de atalho ====

{| style="border-spacing:0;margin:auto;width:17cm;"
|-
| style="border-top:0.05pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Dispara o player padrão
| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + 1
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Inicia aplicativo de mensagens instantâneas 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + 2
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Inicia o editor de textos padrão
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + 3
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Inicia o aplicativo de planilhas eletrônicas 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + 4
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Inicia o gerenciador de arquivos padrão
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + F
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Inicia o programa de email padrão
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + M
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Inicia o emulador de terminal, ou console 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + T ou Ctrl + Alt + T
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Dispara o navegador padrão 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + W
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Abre o editor de simples
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + E
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Dispara o appfinder
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super + R ou Alt + F3
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Configura monitores
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Super P
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Abre um menu pop-up contextual.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Alt + F1
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Abre o Whiskermenu, o menu padrão Xubuntu 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Ctrl + Esc
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Tira uma foto da tela. É também chamado screenshot. 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Print Screen ou Prt Scr
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Captura apenas a janela selecionada
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Alt + Print Screen
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Funciona como um localizador simplificado de aplicativos. 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Alt + F2
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;" | Dispara o xkill, o matador de aplicativos. 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;" | Ctrl + Alt + Esc
|-
|}

== Fonte ==

* https://askubuntu.com/questions/1410750/netplan-gateway-has-been-deprecated
* https://www.linuxnaweb.com/ingressando-ubuntu-no-dominio/
* https://br.ccm.net/faq/15768-linux-ver-a-temperatura-do-cpu
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygwbi7gJCh0
* https://dicasrapidas.com.br/dicas-linux/como-saber-a-temperatura-do-hd-no-linux.html
* https://community.brave.com/t/how-to-remove-brave-from-apt-get/143302
* https://elias.praciano.com/2015/01/como-montar-particao-ntfs-ou-vfat-no-linux/
* http://maguscode.blogspot.com
* https://canaltech.com.br/linux/entendendo-e-configurando-permissoes-de-arquivos-e-pastas-no-linux/
* https://guialinux.uniriotec.br/permissao-de-acesso/